Near Bukhara ruins of the legendary city of Pajkend, which traces are found out
Near Bukhara ruins of the legendary city of Pajkend, which traces are found out
Have got lost in sand one thousand years ago. Results of excavation have appeared
The sensational: it is established, that a city protected from enemies... Groups of amazons.
In deaf desert in vicinities of Bukhara scientists have found out ruins of the legendary
The cities of Pajkend which traces have been lost almost one thousand years ago.
What is known about this mysterious city? Annals confirm, what is it were
The richest fortified city on the Great silk way where has mixed up at once
Some ancient civilisations. Pajkend often name "Asian pompeej" -
The city has been absorbed by desert that is why up to now it was saved under a layer
Sand almost in a primordial form. Correspondents of "Results" have appeared the first
From journalists who managed to wander on ancient east city.
Pajkend was the lowermost on watercourse Zeravshan (for this reason it and
Have named "the bottom city"). Behind it the burnt desert was stretched. What not
Conquerors could make, have made sand - suddenly from a city became
To leave water, and together with it and a life. Uncountable caravans were pulled from
Pajkenda on the east. Soon in a city does not remain any live soul. Â destruction
Pajkenda, according to historical chronicles, it is necessary for XI century.
In the XX-th century beginning, in 1913, expedition under the guidance of the orientalist
Vladimir Zimin the first attempts to find an ancient city have been undertaken. But
How to conduct searches if it was not saved any map on which it was possible
To be guided? It was only known, that the city settled down approximately in
Eight farsahah from Bukhara on a natural stony height near
Channels Zeravshana. Eight farsahov is, to modern measures, nearby
Fifty kilometres. And still the first scientific expedition has not passed for nothing -
It was possible to define approximate site Pajkenda. After that
70 years before good luck has smiled to scientists were required still almost: walls and
Towers of an ancient city have been found under a multimeter layer of sand on
Territories of state farm "Tashkent" of Karakulsky area of Bukhara area. Now
Forces of the Uzbek archeologists and experts of the Hermitage to a city comes back it
Protogenic shape. Historians do not doubt, that in some years it
It will be possible to recreate Pajkend such what it was last millenium.
Crossroads of the Silk way.
Fortified city Pajkend occupying the space of 20 hectares, was one of most
Prospering cities of the early Middle Ages. Sometimes it still named
The state Bi. It was the capital of a microoasis which was in vassal
Dependences on Bukhara - capitals of more powerful state An.
As it is noticed in ancient books, that Pajkend was on
Great silk way, in its markets it was possible to meet Arabian,
Chinese, Indian, Persian, Afghani, French and German
Merchants. As wrote in the book "History of Bukhara" Muhammad Narshahi, a city
Was so well-known, that if at any buhartsa in Bagdad
Asked, whence it comes, it, undoubtedly, responded: "I from Pajkenda".
Than the city has deserved such glory? First of all the arrangement - it stood
At a crossroads of trading ways. From Pajkenda caravans left to Afghanistan,
India, to Urals Mountains, to Volga, to caucasus where carried racers, saplings of the fruit
Trees, lucerne seeds, glass, fruit, a pottery. Traded here
And the live goods: especially were famous bought on nevolnichem the market
Pajkenda handicraftsmen, musicians and dancers. Pajkendsky merchants, on
To some data, got into Japan, Vietnam and to Ceylon. It is not excluded,
That they had own trading stations and on Black sea.
Defenders of a city.
Pajkend was considered as an unapproachable stronghold, or as it named in olden time,
"mednobronnym" a city. Even now, when you stand beside its dilapidated
Walls, the watchtowers erected by ancient architects on distance 50
60 metres one from another, amaze with the greatness. Originally walls
Fortresses had a thickness of 4-5 metres, but with centuries acquired "shirts", and
Now in some places it is possible to see the rests of walls in the thickness of 14-15 metres
And height about 12 metres.
Predominating position in an ancient city was occupied with a citadel.
For the uninvited visitors time and again besieging a city for one and a half thousand of its years
Existence to take a fortress by storm was considered as business practically
The impossible. In the towers of a loophole constructed in a special way for shooting
Became with the bottom slope that the attacking got under the cross
Fire. But another became sensation: it appears, a city protected from attacks.
Army of amazons. Why? The overwhelming part of the man's population was engaged
Trade and on half a year with the superfluous left the houses, going in the far
Travel, - in a city remained only women yes juvenile children.
Pajkendsky women always differed the independence. For example, on
Early stage of existence of a city (it IV-I centuries BC) they could
To choose to itself husbands, and not one, and several. This echo
Matriarchy has led to that eventually the woman of a steel and to be at war
On a level with men. Girls since small years trained not only driving on a horse,
But also to art of shooting from an onion. By the way, last fact was more recently
It is scientifically confirmed. At excavation by scientist there were some graceful
Narrow bone rings. It was necessary to break a head over their mission. Was
Absolutely clearly, that rings were not used as ornaments. But
Then for what? The solution has appeared idle time - the ring was put on by the woman on
Middle finger also it was used for a tension of a bowstring of an onion.
During later period of the woman have departed from abusive affairs, having forced
To fork up the rich husbands vanishing on neskolku of months in the distance
From the house, - teams of mercenaries-Moslems have started to protect a city. Lodged
They in specially constructed at walls of a city caravans-sheds. Huge number
Such hotels-barracks it is already revealed archeologists.
The similar neighbourhood of caravans-sheds with a city has not passed for nothing. Sogdijsky
Blood which flew in veins of inhabitants Pajkenda, has very quickly mixed up with
The Turkic. Children began to be born even more often dark-haired, though them
sogdijskie ancestors were mainly brown-haired persons with blue eyes. About
The history holds back reactions of merchants to these demographic changes.
Behind citadel walls.
With Dzhamalom Mirzaahmedovym, the leading scientific employee of Institute of archeology
AN Uzbekistan, we rise on western wall Pajkenda. Before us
The panorama of city constructions at first sight seeming only opens
Chaotic heap of clay rectangles. In due course an eye
Gets used to freakish architecture, and you start to distinguish one structure from
Another. It seems, cover these ancient constructions with roofs, and Pajkend
Will appear before you in that kind what it was when it left
Last inhabitants. The system of city construction is not so chaotic, as can
To seem at first sight. Natural city centre is powerful
Square citadel the area about one hectare - an internal fortress, in
The palace of the governor and office buildings were which. One of
Last unique finds in this part of a city there was a detection of the rests
zoroastrijskogo a temple operating on an extent approximately of seven centuries. In
To treasury close to it are found out bully - clay prints
The seals with images of horsemen. The treasure is found in the same premise from 62
Silver Bukhara coins. But especially interesting find waited
Archeologists, when at clearing of a floor of this premise in the immured cellar
The secret arsenal has been found out: iron daggers, swords, tips of arrows,
Copies, armour-clad plates from an armour, copper metal plates-umbony from facings
Boards.
Along with it in the palace complex which was in northern part
Citadels, the saved basis of a pise-walled minaret has been dug out
In diameter 11 m, 1,5 m in height and approximately as much in depth. At scientists
There are serious bases to believe, that they have found the most ancient minaret on
Territories of Central Asia, 15 m reaching in due time in height.
The citadel is adjoined by an inhabited part - shahristan. Dzhamal Mirzaahmedov brings
Us to one of well saved constructions: "It is a standard room. On
To its edges are located sufy - stove benches for rest, and in the centre a podium, on
Which fire "was supported. On a bricklaying under plaster it is visible
Soot - traces once the fire which has occurred here. A next room,
Most likely, it was used for cooking, about what
Two coppers-tandyra imposed by bricks testify. In one of them
Could bake flat cakes, in other - to prepare meat or a soup.
In shahristane premises settled down. The head of the Bukhara
Archaeological expedition Dzhamal Mirzaahmedov is shown by the sample
Standard room: along the edges sufy (stove benches), and in the centre - a podium for fire.
The city was densely populated. Exact data on quantity living in him
People are not present, but as considers Dzhamal Mirzaahmedov, last years
Existence Pajkenda in him could live over 10 thousand persons.
The city has died not at once.
Perhaps, the fullest representation about found in territory Pajkenda
Curiosities their keeper, the senior scientific employee Bukhara has
Istoriko-museum of local lore Ildus Hamraeva: "Now in pajkendskuju
Collection this figure constantly enters about 7 thousand subjects, and
Increases. From last interesting finds it is possible to name the clay
Head of the Buddha. And for us while a riddle as it could appear in Pajkende,
Where Islam was the basic religion. Find on excavation traditionally much
Children's toys - clay figures of various animals ".
On made in Pajkende to finds it is possible to receive accurate enough
Representation about existing customs. For example, the found out clay
Trunks-ossuarii played a role of coffins, in which in VII-VIII centuries d.C.
Buried bones of the died. Why only bones? Elements of fire, water, the earth and
The sky were considered in those days sacred therefore dead man could not
To commit to the earth, neither to burn on a fire, nor to throw in water, to leave on
Air. Died carried on specially fenced off territory for
Limits of a city also left on eating up to predators. Approximately in half a year
Bones collected, put in ossuarii and placed in family crypts.
However, existed in Pajkende and the simplified variant of a burial place. Who
More richly, employed the special person, as a rule, the native of the lowest
Castes which for a certain payment performed job of eagles and griffins - for
Some hours separated bones died of fabrics. However soon sogdijtsy
Have departed from this custom and began to bury dead men in the earth, turning them
In a shroud. Any jewelry, as a rule, together with the died did not put.
Especially often on excavation by scientist toys come across. Them could make
For itself any child in Pajkende, using for this purpose the special
ottiskovye forms.
By the way, one more feature Pajkenda is that in its territory
Practically did not find precious subjects. Scientists explain it so:
The city has died not at once, that is why the inhabitants leaving it, everything which had though
Any value, tried to take out.
With the Russian help.
At the initiative of the head of the Russian expedition of the candidate of the historical
Grigory Semenova's sciences there was an offer to create in Pajkende the centre
The international archeology. Recently, especially with program closing
UNESCO "Silk way", the basic financing of jobs in Pajkende
The Russian side carries out. With approach of spring city restoration
Will begin to boil with new force. Pajkend conceals many riddles: till now not
Baths and a mint are found a market square. Scientists hope, that
Restored "Asian pompeja" becomes the same tourist Mecca,
As well as its Roman prototype.
Magazine "RESULTS".
//* an information Source: Ð Ð Ð Ð Ñ Ñ Ð?Ð?Ð?i Ð iÑ Ñ i, 25.12.01
//* Reg. Nom. - 8111200283.13-------------------------------------------
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